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Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT A Case study of the Niger Delta Oil exploration activities and Environmental Degradation in the Niger Delta Catchment, Federal Republic of Nigeria Group Members Country 1. Okello Patrick Owino Kenya 2. Svenja Schoe Germany 3. Kong Sreyrath 4. Grace Mbena 5. Melody Burns Submitted to ELD Facilitators June 2015 Tanzania Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement Table of Content BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY . 5 1.0 1.1 Description of the study Area. 5 1.11 Description of the Niger Delta ecosystem and Services . 6 1.12 Major causes of degradation and the main effects . 6 2.0 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS – THEIR POWER 8 2.1 Stakeholders identification 8 2.11 List of major stakeholders in the Delta in Relation to the Ecosystem Services and Functions 8 2.2

Stakeholder categorization using interest-influence matrices approach 10 2.3 Stakeholder analysis using influence matrix 11 2.31 The following is a summary of key roles played by stakeholders in the Niger Delta 12 2.32 The stakeholder influence matrix analysis 12 3.0 STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION PROCESS 14 3.1 Material to prepare ahead of the discussion 14 3.11 Communication Objective 14 3.12 Level and type of stakeholder engagement 14 3.13 Stakeholder motivation 14 3.14 Description of the Communication material 14 3.2 Setting up effective communication 15 3.21 Areas of Common Interest 15 3.22 Type of Language 16 3.23 Format of Communication 16 3.24 Communication Mechanism 16 3.25 Propose when and what to communicate 17 4.0 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROCESS 17 2 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 4.1 Introduction 17 4.2 Stakeholder Analysis and Selection 17 4.3 Process of Stakeholder Engagement and

identification of facilitation needs 20 4.31 Brief Introduction on stakeholder engagement 20 4.32 Stakeholder Facilitation needs 20 4.33 Qualities of a Good Facilitator 20 4.34 Principle to guide stakeholder engagement 21 4.35 Niger Delta stakeholder engagement process 21 5.0 ENGAGEMENT PLAN FINANCING 23 5.1 Stakeholder Engagement Budget 23 6.0 STAKEHOLDER EVALUATION CRITERIA 24 7.0 NIGER DELTA STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 24 8.0 RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN 26 3 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Niger Delta stakeholders list . 10 Table 2 - Stakeholder categorization . 11 Table 3 - Stakeholder analysis matrix . 13 Table 4 - Materials for Stakeholder engagement . 15 Table 5 - Stakeholder Selection and Relationship. 19 Table 6 - Stakeholder Engagement Budget . 24 Table 7 - Stakeholder Evaluation Criteria . 24 Table 8 - Stakeholder Engagement Plan Implementation

Framework . 26 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Niger Delta Map . 5 Figure 2 - Mangrove Degradation by oil fires . 6 Figure 3 - Loss of aquatic fauna and arable lands. 7 Figure 4 - Locals using oil contaminated water . 7 Figure 5 - Community engagement process . 21 4 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Description of the study Area The Niger Delta is a wetland area in the south of Nigeria, Africa. Nine states make up the Niger Delta and it covers an area of approximately 70,000 km2, about 7.5% of Nigerias land mass Oil was discovered in Nigeria’s largest wetland region around 40 years ago. Oil spills are common in Nigeria; estimated 7,000 spills were recorded between 1970 and 2000. Investments in preventing pollution are poor and spills with thousands of barrels of oil occur every year. An average of 240,000 barrels of crude oil are spilled in the Niger delta every year, mainly due to

unknown causes (31.85%), third party activity (2074%), and mechanical failure (1704%) The spills contaminates the surface water, ground water, ambient air, and crops with hydrocarbons, including known carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and benxo, pyrene, naturally occurring radioactive materials, and trace metals that are further bio accumulated in some food crops. The delta is home to 20 million people, local indigenous activities and concerns against petroleum giants often result in violent disputes. Local communities are facing problems such as no access to safe drinking water (due to poor sanitation and pollution), poor infrastructure and education. The majority of Delta residents live in poverty and the oil operations affect their traditional livelihoods. Figure 1 - Niger Delta Map 5 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 1.11 Description of the Niger Delta ecosystem and Services Mainly Wetland and

its ecological zones are the coastal barrier islands, mangroves swamp forest, freshwater swamps, and lowland rainforest. Its key services include Provisioning of: food, fresh water and fuel mineral resources. 1.12 Major causes of degradation and the main effects The oil industry in the Niger Delta presents a huge threat to people’s health and well-being, their livelihood and the environment. Oil drilling practice and oil spills are a major cause of land degradation, - as well their lack of investments in order to create more jobs, build more facilities to local people, etc.-, large areas of mangrove forest and rainforest have been destroyed due to oil spills. Also farmland and aquacultures are impacted by oil spills due to water/groundwater and soil contamination, destroying food supply and livelihoods. Further land degradation hazards are erosion, flood and salt water intrusion. This can be summarized as follows: A. Destruction and loss of Mangrove Flora An estimated 10% of

Nigerian mangrove ecosystems have been wiped out by increasing unplanned settlements a result of oil companies attracting large cheap labor and by oil drilling which as released more negative substances affecting the soil where the mangrove grows. Damage to mangrove forests varies with the amount and toxicity of the spilled oil product. The degree of impact is a function of oil type, spill volume, duration or re-oiling, extent of oil coverage on exposed roots, degree of substrate oiling (NRC, 2003). Many species of plants and animals within the mangrove forest have become endangered or at the verge of extinction. Figure 2 - Mangrove Degradation by oil fires 6 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement B. Destruction of Arable crops and Aquaculture Studies suggests that oil spills could lead to a 60% reduction in household food security and are capable of reducing the ascorbic acid content of vegetables by as much as 36%

and the crude protein content of cassava by 40%. Oil Spills in populated areas often spread out over a wide area, destroying crops and aquacultures through contamination of the groundwater and soils. The consumption of dissolved oxygen by bacteria feeding on the spilled hydrocarbons also contributes to the death of fish. In agricultural communities, often a years supply of food can be destroyed instantaneously. Because of the careless nature of oil operations in the Delta, the environment is growing increasingly uninhabitable. Figure 3 - Loss of aquatic fauna and arable lands C. Human Health Implications People in the affected areas complain about health issues including breathing problems and skin lesions; many have lost basic human rights such as health, access to food, clean water, and an ability to work. In fact studies shows that there could be 24% increase in the prevalence of childhood malnutrition since the crude oil could be hemotoxic and hepatotoxic, and could cause

infertility and cancer. Figure 4 - Locals using oil contaminated water 7 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement D. Displacement of local population from ancestral lands Increased exploration and expansion has greatly affected the livelihood of the indigenous people who depend on the ecosystem services for survival leading to increased poverty and displacement of people. Some past spills have necessitated the complete relocation of some communities, loss of ancestral homes, pollution of fresh water, loss of forest and agricultural land, destruction of fishing grounds and reduction of fish population, which is the major source of income for the Niger Delta people. Which all constitute massive unquantifiable losses to farmers, fishermen and hunters (Ukoli, 2005). This has been source of conflict between the locals, Government and oil companies since the local population is not benefiting from the oil companies. 2.0

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS – THEIR POWER Stakeholder analysis is about identifying all persons, groups and institutions who may have an interest in a project or area and taking steps to manage their interests and expectations so that the project runs as smoothly as possible. It’s also defined as the process of identifying the individuals or groups that are likely to affect or be affected by a proposed action, and sorting them according to their impact on the action and the impact the action will have on them. Stakeholder identification and analysis is best conducted using brainstorming techniques. This procedure is generally carried out in a workshop setting, with representatives of key participants in a project. The first step is to list all parties which are likely to be affected by the development, both positively or negatively, directly or indirectly. 2.1 Stakeholders identification 2.11 List of major stakeholders in the Delta in Relation to the Ecosystem Services and Functions. No.

Stakeholder 1 Western trans-national oil Private companies. • Royal Dutch Shell • ExxonMobil • ChevronTexaco • Agip Stakeholder Type Description Relationship to land Oil and gas exploration and human Active capital development exploitation of mineral resources 8 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement • Total 2 Nigeria Government 3 Niger community 4 Nigeria people business Private Interested in oil and gas business Indirectly and benefit economicaly from it. depend on oil and gas generated from the land for economic and social development 5 CBI – Consensus Building Private Institute Involved in conflict resolution or Social and mediating between the local economic community and other stakeholders. protection of right for equitable resource distribution through mediation. 6 The tourist both Private international and domestic Benefit from serene ecosystem services which they see.

Contribute to economic development through foreign inflows local Federal Public Indeginous Public Represented chiefly by the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and its subsidiaries, in which the government holds an average 60 percent equity share with the rest owned by its expatriate partners. Statutorily, ownership of oil and all mineral resources in Nigeria is vested in the federal state Policy and legislation, statutory ownership of mineral resources, and regulation. Land owners and users. Economic exploitation of land resources for social development. Social and economic development of land and its resources 9 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 7 Religious Leaders 8 Nigeria Agency 9 Agricultural Agencies 10 NGOs Private Environmental Private Public Opinion makers on social and Policy economic issues or policies development, social empowerement and advocate for nature protection /

Including Ministry of Energy, environment and natural resources. Involved in policy formulation, legislation and enforcement for conservation and protection of the ecosystem Policy formulation, legislation, code regulation and enforcement Private Public / Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries and other stakeholders advocating for agricultural productivity and food security. Food security and agricultural productivity enhancment, human capital development and capacity building Private Mostly those advocating for human rights and protection, human capital development and employment and those advocating for Natural resource managment and environmental conservation. Social development and advocacy, capacity building and rights protection. Table 1 - Niger Delta stakeholders list 2.2 Stakeholder categorization using interest-influence matrices approach The following approach, will be used in analysing the influence or power and importance/roles of the Niger Delta

Stakeholders. This approach groups the stakeholders importance and influence in the Niger Delta Oil exploration based on four premises – Protect, Good Relation, Low Priority and Monitor. This premises are derived from the importance or role played by each stakeholder in the Delta Catchment and further classified as either low or high influence or importance. This appraoch will help in forming a stakeholder matrix showing the power of stakeholders in the Delta catchmnet and oil industry. 10 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement HIGH PROTECT GOOD RELATION This group requires special initiative to protect their interest in the Delta I M P O R T A N C E A close and good working relationship, must be established with the group • Indeginous community • Indeginous community • Western trans-national oil companies • Western trans-national oil companies • Business Community • Oil Business

Community • Nigeria Federal Government and politicians • Nigeria Federal Government and politicians • Environmental Agencies LOW PRIORITY MONITOR Group may have some involvement but in lower priority Group may be source of risk and require careful monitoring and management • NGOs • Indeginous community • Religious leaders • Western trans-national oil companies • Tourists • • Agricultural Agencies Nigeria Federal Government and politicians • CBI - Consensus Building Institute LOW INFLUENCE HIGH Table 2 - Stakeholder categorization 2.3 Stakeholder analysis using influence matrix This analysis will consider the power or influence of stakeholders in the Delta oil industry, the Delta as a catchment with all its ecosystem functions and the indeginous community as directly and indirectly influenced by other stakeholders. A matrix tool approach will be used to perform the task, based on previous stakeholder analysis approach that grouped the

stakeholders based on their influence and importance in the catchment. 11 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 2.31 The following is a summary of key roles played by stakeholders in the Niger Delta. • Environmental and land degradation • Legislation and policy formulation • Oil and Gas exploration • Regulation of oil and gas activities • Human capital development and employment • Good governance and citizen rights protection • Environmental protection and management • Conflict resolution among parties • Equitable distribution of Resources in the Delta • Statutory ownership of oil and all mineral resources 2.32 The stakeholder influence matrix analysis Stakehol der Stakeholder Impact or Power on following issues in Niger Delta Catchment Group Envir onme nt and land degra datio n Indegino us communi ty √ Nigeria Federal Governm Oil and Gas activ ities Gover nance and

citizen protect ion Enviro nment protecti on and manage ment Regul ation of Oil activit ies Statut ory owne rship of resou rces Human capital develo pment and employ ment Confli ct Resol ution Equita ble Resour ce Distrib ution √ √ √ √ √ √ 12 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement ent Western Oil companie s √ √ √ √ Religious leaders NGOs √ Environm ental Agencies √ Agricultu ral Agencies √ Tourists √ Local Politician s √ CBI – Consensu s Building Institute √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Table 3 - Stakeholder analysis matrix Note // The (√) has been used to indicate impact or influence of stakeholder groups on each of the issues of concern in the entire Niger Delta Catchment. That signify the power the stakeholders control in the catchmnet. Above matrix analysis, is important when developing sustainable land managment plans or

policies for the Delta catchment, since every role stakeholders play and influence is taken into consideration. This is also important in conflict resolution and management 13 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 3.0 STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION PROCESS 3.1 Material to prepare ahead of the discussion 3.11 Communication Objective Improved productivity of current land use through adoption of alternative land management practices. The objective may be achieved by the use of economic instruments, the facilitation of change through adaptation by decision-makers of the legal, social and political environment, facilitation of change through development of human and institutional capacity, and/or facilitation of change through information exchange. Different pathways to sustainable land management can be conceptualized, considering current and alternative livelihoods for the Niger Delta, to create a list of possible impact

pathways for enabling action. 3.12 Level and type of stakeholder engagement Stakeholder participation can take various forms and levels. For the Niger Delta stakeholder engagement process a two-ways communication between participants and organizers will be used to create a dialogue with information exchange and active participation in discussions. Participating stakeholders have the opportunity to influence the final outcome. 3.13 Stakeholder motivation The successful and active engagement of stakeholders in a research project also depends on stakeholder motivation. Different individuals or groups may have different reasons to participate in the process. It is important to identify and understand the motivation and expectations over the benefits they could derive from their participation, this will facilitate knowledge sharing, dialogue and solution-finding. 3.14 Description of the Communication material Material requirement will depend on meeting Venue, mode of discussion relating

to identified stakeholders, Mode of presentation, Reporting and publication thereafter for future reference and documentation. 14 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement Format (mode / channel of communication) How suited to each identified stakeholder is it? Built-in element Verbal using flip charts, Manila papers and Marker pens Easy to use and interact with and cost effective Information can be erased or edited, ease of disposal and can be stored for reference Audio Cassettes Easy and cheap to produce and easy to localize information can be used in conjunction with local dialect radio for future reference too Presentation on oil degradation on the catchment Video and printed materials or pictures Can be taken home for permanent use and Highly persuasive, This will create good awareness and interaction General land degradation and alternative land use options discussion Use flip charts, formal dialogue

and Manila papers Interactive participatory method Enhances belonging and ownership Content Objective of SLM Interviews affected communities from and flexibility Table 4 - Materials for Stakeholder engagement 3.2 Setting up effective communication 3.21 Areas of Common Interest The stakeholder involved in the Niger Delta are centered around a common interest, but also all have very specific and individual needs, concerns and issues which need be addressed. The land in the Niger Delta is highly degraded, some stakeholders (such as farmers) have a very fundamental interest: securing their livelihood. Oil companies have a more business orientated interest and NGOs are more concerned about human rights and environmental issues. 15 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 3.22 Type of Language Nigeria is a country of various cultures and languages. In order to involve local communities/indigenous people to the

largest extend possible a language needs to be chose that all understand, translators need to be hired to make sure proper communicate between English speaking people (for example representatives from oil corporations) and local people (e.g farmers) who may not be literate in English is ensured. Cultural characteristics need to be understood before the start of the engagement process to understand each stakeholder better. 3.23 Format of Communication A diverse format of communication will be used for the stakeholder engagement process in the Niger Delta. As not all stakeholder might be illiterate, oral communication is essential in the process. Written reports and emails can be used and communicated to stakeholders such as oil companies, government and NGOs. The usage of visual communication formats (pictures, videos or drawings) will help to communicate to indigenous people and other stakeholders with a less academic background, these communication tools will be more accessible to

this group of stakeholders as information can be communicated in a more tangible way. 3.24 Communication Mechanism At the very beginning of the engagement process communication rules will be provided to all participating stakeholders in order to maintain an environment of trust, respect and understanding for each other. These guiding principles for communication include the following: • We respect each other and their values • We listen to each other carefully • Every stakeholder can speak freely, every voice will be heard • We don’t interrupt others • We try to use a language all understand, and try break down / ‘translate’ scientific topics into a form that all understand • A facilitator will manage communication/discussions to help direct the discussions and to maintain order 16 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 3.25 Propose when and what to communicate • Communication at the

start of the engagement process: introduction of stakeholders, description of the project objective, expected outputs and outcomes, timeline and activities. • Communication during the engagement process: communication on progress and milestones, timeline adjustments, reporting on measures of success on research progress and engagement progress • communication over what’s next: Outlook, future funding of project, continued involvement and follow up with stakeholders beyond project 4.0 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROCESS 4.1 Introduction Relationship-building takes time. Many of the hallmarks of good relationships – trust, mutual respect, understanding – are intangibles that develop and evolve over time, based on individual collective experiences and interactions. For this reason, organizations are now beginning to engage with stakeholders at a much earlier stage of a project than in the past. This is especially true for larger, more complex or controversial projects, where

organizations are initiating engagement at the very early pre-feasibility or pre-exploration phases, signaling to communities and other local stakeholders that their views and well-being are considered important. This is why “stakeholder engagement” is emerging as a means of describing a broader, more inclusive, and continuous process between an organization and those potentially impacted by the organization activities in their area or land. This engagement integrates strategies that encompasses a range of activities and approaches, and spans the entire life of a project in a way that it builds mutual relationships in solfving problems or future issues in sustainable ways. 4.2 Stakeholder Analysis and Selection In this step, the focus was on determining who the Niger delta project stakeholders are, and their key groupings and sub-groupings. Its important to note that not all stakeholders in a particular group or sub-group will necessarily share the same concerns or have unified

opinions or priorities in a given project. Stakeholders may include locally affected communities or individuals and their formal and informal representatives, national or local government authorities, politicians, religious leaders, civil society organizations and groups with special interests, the academic community, or other businesses. In Niger delta, stakeholder identification 17 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement was based on the “stake” or power and influence that each of these different individuals or groups has in oil and gas exploration in the catchment and on pre-determined regulatry requirments. For example, the local or native delta community are the people directly affected by the potential environmental or social impacts of the oil exploration while the Trans-national oil companies like shell,Agip, Chevron, Nigeria Federal government and local business people are directly benefiting from economic

gains at expense of the environmental and social impacts their activities contribute. Identification also considered other people like resident in another country altogether e.g tourist or neighbouring state directly or indirectly affceted by the oil industry and wish to communicate their concerns or suggestions to the project company. Then there are those who might have great influence over the project based on pre-determined regulatory requirments, such as Nigeria Federal government regulators – Ministry of oil and natural resources,Environmental agencies, political or religious leaders, and others active policy makers in the Niger Delta local community. Identification also considered, stakeholders who, because of their knowledge or stature, can contribute positively to the project, for example, by acting as an honest broker in mediating relationships, this include the local NGOs, Consensus building institute, religious leaders and the elders. Generaly, stakeholder analysis and

selection, considered an in-depth look at stakeholder group or sub-group interests(directly and indirectly affected by the project), how they will be affected and to what degree, and what influence they could have on the Niger Delta Oil and Gas explortion business. For the case of Niger Delta, where the key thing is Oil and ecosystem concerns, its noted that stakeholders in a particular group or sub-group share the same concerns or have unified opinions or priorities e.g the politicians, local business people and western oil companies are categorised in group with similiar opinions or priorities. This is key step towards building a stakeholder engagement strategy or process and considering the materials to use during engageent process. For the case of Niger Delta, whose population is more than 95 % indigenous the oil processing facilities, administrative facilities, are located in the Delta where western oil companies and its expatriate patners legitimately controls 30 % of the

exploration activities, while the Nigeria Federal Government represented chiefly by the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and its subsidiaries, holds an average 60 percent equity oil and gas share. Based on legitimacy and control relationship in the oil industry, stakeholder groups directly affected by the project, whether from the use of land at the project site or the effects of air and oil or gas emissions, from off-site transportation of hazardous materials, or even the socio-economic effects of job creation throughout the supply chain is considered. This lead to impact zoning into groups and sub-groups. By mapping the sphere of influence of different types of environmental and social impacts,stakeholder groups were identified and priortized for consultation as below. 18 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement Stakeholder group Directly affected project activities Stakeholder Relationships by

Indigenous community Vulnerable groups Share common opinion since are socialy, environmentaly and economicaly affecetd by the oil activities. Their land and ecosystem is also degraded, job concerns, food insecurity and health issues provide common facets for them Directly benefit from the Western trans-national oil Directly depend on economic benefits project activites companies from the oil industry Nigeria governmnet federal International and local business community Politicians Pre-determined by Nigeria Ministry of oil Existing legislative and regulative regulatory measures and natural resources measures bind them together in the oil industry enforcements for the Nigeria Agricultural economic, environmental and social Agencies benefits of the society Nigeria Environmental Control Agencies Indirectly affected and Local and international They depend on ecosystem services wish to communicate tourists from the Niger delta to enrich their their concerns social requirements.

Neighbouring and visiting residents Their knowledge or stature, can contribute positively to the project, for example, by acting as an honest broker in mediating relationships. This include the local Important in solving social and NGOs, Consensus economic conflicts in the delta. building institute, religious leaders and the local elders Table 5 - Stakeholder Selection and Relationship 19 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 4.3 Process of Stakeholder Engagement and identification of facilitation needs 4.31 Brief Introduction on stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement is the process through which those affected by the oil and gas activities in the Niger delta are provided with the opportunity to provide input before decisions are made, with respects to the social, economic and environmental impacts associated with the oil industry. This process will enable them address the current issues affecting them, the

current land use problems and at end being able to come with alternative and sustainable land use options, that will provide pathways for solving their issues amicably. 4.32 Stakeholder Facilitation needs Stakeholder facilitation needs will depend on factors such as number of invited stakeholders, duration of engagement, location or venue for meeting, transport needs, catering and hospitality needs, level or status of high profiled stakeholders and reimburshment needed based on transport and participation during the meeting. Other factors will be on stationery and other materials that are necessary for the entire engagement process. 4.33 Qualities of a Good Facilitator Should have positive Attitude • Accept each individual as valuable in his or her own right • Trust in the ability of each individual to discover his or her own solutions to problems • Recognize individual strengths and efforts to change • Focus on the individual, not the behavior • Provide feedback

that focuses on observations rather than judgments Should be respectful • Recognize each individual and his / her right to be heard • Believe in everyone’s ability to grow and change • Value and acknowledge each person’s strengths • Encourage the full expression of ideas • Honor everyone’s right to make choices • Value each person’s right to their own perspective 20 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement Should be genuine • Be aware of and take responsibility for your own feelings, values, thoughts and unresolved issues, and recognize the impact these have on others • Be consistent between the expression of your thoughts and feelings and the way you behave or act • Remain open to positions that differ from your own even when those opinions differ • Be aware of and work within your own limits – set clear personal boundaries 4.34 Principle to guide stakeholder engagement

Before and during stakeholder engagement, principles will be developed to guide the process. Stakeholder engagement principles guide the conduct of both the Niger Delta Western transnational oil companies and all other stakeholders to help ensure the engagement is conducted with integrity towards an efficient and effective process. All stakeholders are provided with an opportunity to be informed about oil and Gas activities and participate in issues and opportunities that affect them in the Delta ecosystem. 4.35 Niger Delta stakeholder engagement process A Stakeholder Advisory Committee will be formed that consists of representatives from all stakeholders through consensus. The committee will give senior stakeholder representatives the opportunity to provide policy-level advice and recommendations directly to the Oil companies, the Nigeria Federal government and business men Board of Directors and Executives on oil and gas activities in the delta development decisions (e.g, decisions

that have degraded the existing land use practices, affected the ecosystem, lead to food insecurity and health problems, etc.) and other matters of concern to stakeholders. Committee members will be responsible for gathering input from their respective areas and representing their views on issues. Stakeholders will be encouraged to contact their representative on the Committee on matters of importance to them to bring to the Committee meetings. Rules and regulation governing engagement and functioning of the commitee will also be drafted during the first meeting. With a functioning commitee and rules, engagement process will follow the following steps in the Niger Delta: Prior to engagement, stakeholder analysis and selection will have been done as discussed previously to ensure that right stakeholders are represented and given chance to express their views, concerns and interest in an open forum. Figure 5 - Community engagement process 21 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015

– Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement Communication strategies Proper and transparent communication channels will be used that caters for both literate and illiterate stakeholders. Local language will be given priority when communicating and inviting stakeholders for meetings. Information Disclosure Information will be disclosed early to Niger stakeholders before the decision making process, in ways that are meaningful, accessible and this will continue also during the entire engagement process. Stakeholder Consultation Consultation process will be planned through inclusive consultation, documented well and all follow-ups will be communicated properly. Negotiation and Partnerships For controversial issues such as those related to employment, marginalization, and oil impacts to ecosystem and food security will be handled through negotiation with relevant stakeholders to satisfy all parties affected. Strategic partnerships will be formed to add value to impact

mitigation strategies. Grievance Management Accessible and responsive means will be established to raise concerns and grievances during the entire Oil exploration activities in the delta. This will also lead to formation of a management committee that will handle such issues in future and ensure that issues agreed such as sustainable and alternative land management practices for rehabilitating the degraded ecosystem are adhered to. Stakeholder Involvement in Oil exploration monitoring on the delta Affected stakeholders particularly the indigenous community in the Delta ecosystem, will be directly involved in impact monitoring, mitigation and benefit sharing. External monitors will also be involved to ensure transparency and credibility of the entire process. Reporting to Stakeholders Engagement process will also ensure a feedback or report is given back to stakeholders on environmental, social and economic impacts performance. This will be for both those consulted 22 Source:

http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement and those with general interest about the activities of the Oil business industry in the delta. Management Functions The Oil Company and Nigeria federal government, will be given key role of establishing a management function to manage processes of stakeholder engagement, tract commitments on agreed sustainable land management options and report on progress. 5.0 ENGAGEMENT PLAN FINANCING The stakeholder engagement process will cost 253,490 Euro. This will depend on funds from the federal government of Nigeria, the western oil companies, the business community and other wellwishers. The community affected will not be expected to contribute any fund The plans targets to host 150 participants 5.1 Stakeholder Engagement Budget This activity is expected to take 5 days. No. Item Quantity Unit cost(euro) Total Cost 1 Invitation cards 160 5 800 2 Flip charts 50 8 400 3 Manila paper

50 3 150 4 Marker pens 20 1.5 30 5 Community transport 100 locals – based on 30 cost refund distance of travel 3000 6 Catering –food, 150 guests full board for 5 25 per day snacks, breakfast, days dinner, lunch, water and drinks 18750 7 Accommodation 150 guest for 5 days 35 per night 22625 8 Venue booking 200 capacity hall 40 per day 200 9 Facilitators fee 15 facilitators 50 per day 3750 23 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement 10 Photo taking - 60 60 11 Video taking - 100 100 Total Cost (Euro) 253,490 Table 6 - Stakeholder Engagement Budget 6.0 STAKEHOLDER EVALUATION CRITERIA Stakeholder Involvement Plan Objective Measure of Success Increase awareness of the project’s objectives and activities Stakeholder awareness increased Improve understanding of land degradation perspectives Key land degradation issues are drawn out and clearly articulated Improve

understanding of policy and planning issues Related processes are documented and captured by relevant stakeholders Improve communication channels and working relationship Ongoing relationship with stakeholders and appropriate updating and information dissemination. Table 7 - Stakeholder Evaluation Criteria 7.0 NIGER DELTA STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK The adopted resolutions after the engagement process will require a guide for implementation. The plan for implementation will run for 5 year period (2015 - 2020) 24 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement No. Activity Responsible Time frame Compiling and documentation of the agreed engagement plan Formed stakeholder steering committee August 2015 Circulation of the plan to members Engagement committee Septemebr 2015 Plan communication and capacity building Representatives from all stakeholders October 2015 – october 2016 Community

mobilization for plan deliberation Local opininon makers November 2016 – November 2017 Representatives from Government and Oil sector Church leaders NGOs representatives Consultative meetings and training on agreed sustainable land management strategies and options for reclamation of the niger delta Hired facilitators Trained community leaders December 2017 – february 2018 Church leaders NGOs representatives Representatives from government line minitries Zoning and application of land use options Communities affected From March 2018 Stakeholder committee Continuous activity Implementation of sustainable land use All stakeholders options e.g better farming practices, river bank protection, tree palnting, soil and water conservation activities, oil emission reductions etc 25 Source: http://www.doksinet ELD MOOC 2015 – Options and Pathways for Action: Stakeholder Engagement Empowering of local communities through job provision Government and Oil industry By january

2018 atleast 25% of locals employed Plan implementation monitoring and evaluation External auditor or land use evaluator November 2020 Steering committee Way forward All stakeholders present in first stakeholder engagment meeting December 2020 Table 8 - Stakeholder Engagement Plan Implementation Framework 8.0 RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN Incase of any eventualities during engagement process, which may arise from and not limited to the folowing: 1) Stakeholders having different understanding during engagement 2) Stakeholders excluded from the process, e.g unable to attend due to environmental problems 3) Insufficient time to contribute fully on issues There is need to have a contigency measure or plan to accomodate the above and many other issues. This will be very important for risk management and ensuring all deliberation are agreed on after the engagement process. 26